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CDC issues
different types of notices for international travelers. As of May 20,
2004, these definitions have been refined to make the announcements more
easily understood by travelers, health-care providers, and the general
public. The definitions are laid out below. They describe both levels of
risk for the traveler and recommended preventive measures to take at each
level of risk.
Type
of Notice/ Level of Concern
Scope
Risk
for Travelers
Preventive
Measures
Example
of Notice
Example
of Recommended Measures
In
the News
Reports
of sporadic cases
No
increased risk over baseline for travelers observing standard
recommendations
Keeping
travelers informed and reinforcing standard prevention
recommendations
Report
of cases of dengue in Mexico, 2001
Reinforced
standard recommendations for protection against insect bites
Outbreak
Notice
Outbreak
in limited geographic area or setting
Increased
but definable and limited to specific settings
Reminders
about standard and enhanced recommendations for the region
Outbreak
of yellow fever in a state in Brazil in 2003
Reinforced
enhanced recommendations, such as vaccination
Travel
Health Precaution
Outbreak
of greater scope affecting a larger geographic area
Increased
in some settings, along with risk for spread to other areas
Specific
precautions to reduce risk during the stay, and what to do before
and after travel
Outbreak
of avian influenza among poultry and humans in several countries
in Southeast Asia in early 2004
Recommended
specific precautions including avoiding areas with live poultry,
such as live animal markets and poultry farms; ensuring poultry
and eggs are thoroughly cooked; monitoring health
Travel
Health Warning
Evidence
that outbreak is expanding outside the area or populations
initially affected
Increased
because of evidence of transmission outside defined settings
and/or inadequate containment measures
In
addition to the specific precautions cited above, postpone
nonessential travel
SARS
outbreak in Asia in 2003
Recommended
travelers to postpone nonessential travel because of level of
risk.